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base

FROM

Sets the base image for the build

variable

ARG

Defines a build-time variable

ENV

Sets persistent environment variables

metadata

LABEL

Adds metadata to an image

MAINTAINERDeprecated

Sets the author of the image (deprecated)

execution

RUN

Executes commands during build

CMD

Sets the default command for the container

ENTRYPOINT

Configures the container as an executable

SHELL

Overrides the default shell for shell-form instructions

filesystem

COPY

Copies files from build context into the image

ADD

Copies files with auto-extraction and URL support

WORKDIR

Sets the working directory for subsequent instructions

network

EXPOSE

Documents the ports the container listens on

security

USER

Sets the user for subsequent instructions and container runtime

storage

VOLUME

Declares a mount point for external volumes

runtime

STOPSIGNAL

Sets the signal sent to stop the container

HEALTHCHECK

Defines a command to test container health

advanced

ONBUILD

Adds deferred trigger instructions for child images

Dockerfile

FROM node:20-alpine AS builder

# Set working directory for all subsequent instructions
WORKDIR /app

# Enable BuildKit cache mount for faster npm installs
ENV NODE_ENV=development

# Copy package files separately to cache dependencies
COPY package*.json ./
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
    npm ci

# Copy the rest of the application code
COPY . .

# Build the Next.js application
RUN npm run build

# Start a new, fresh stage for smaller production image
FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

ENV NODE_ENV=production

# Create a non-root user to run the app securely
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs
RUN adduser -u 1001 -S nodejs -G nodejs
USER nodejs

# Copy only the necessary built files from the builder stage
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static

# Expose the standard port
EXPOSE 3000

# Define what actually runs when the container starts
CMD ["node", "server.js"]

FROM

node:20-alpine AS builder # Set working directory for all subsequent instructions

WORKDIR

/app # Enable BuildKit cache mount for faster npm installs

ENV

NODE_ENV=development # Copy package files separately to cache dependencies

COPY

package*.json ./

RUN

--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \ npm ci # Copy the rest of the application code

COPY

. . # Build the Next.js application

RUN

npm run build # Start a new, fresh stage for smaller production image

FROM

node:20-alpine AS runner

WORKDIR

/app

ENV

NODE_ENV=production # Create a non-root user to run the app securely

RUN

addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs

RUN

adduser -u 1001 -S nodejs -G nodejs

USER

nodejs # Copy only the necessary built files from the builder stage

COPY

--from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./

COPY

--from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/public ./public

COPY

--from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static # Expose the standard port

EXPOSE

3000 # Define what actually runs when the container starts

CMD

["node", "server.js"]

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